Mitochondrial myopathy is a category of neuromuscular disorders arising from impaired mitochondrial function, primarily affecting skeletal muscle. As a research concept, it investigates the genetic, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms underlying defects in mitochondrial energy production and homeostasis that lead to muscle weakness and diverse systemic manifestations. This field is significant for elucidating fundamental principles of mitochondrial biology in health and disease and for developing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for mitochondrial dysfunction.